Introduction to operations and supply chain MANAGEMENT Case Study

Prologue to tasks and gracefully chain MANAGEMENT - Case Study Example Accordingly, the sort of estimate is request and it is at advertise level since the quantities of deals appear to be expanding in the market wherein the firm works. This model has been picked on the grounds that it utilizes a progression of interest perceptions over some undefined time frame in a sequential request so as to create gauges. Hence, the Last Period Model has been chosen since it is accepted that the interest of every one of the three drivers is continually expanding with time. This model expect that the degree of interest for the present time frame is utilized as a figure for the following time frame. For every period, it tends to be seen that the ebb and flow request of every driver is by all accounts expanding as represented in the table of information given. All things considered, this is an appropriate model that can be utilized to conjecture request of the drivers offered by Top Slice Company. 2. As indicated by the Last Period Model, Top Slice Company ought to have the extended stir cell ready for action before the finish of June 2012 as introduced in the table given. For every month, it very well may be seen that the all out number of the three drivers is expanding by a normal of around 25. For example, in January 2012, the quantity of drivers produced was 2559 and in February of that year they expanded to 2584 demonstrating an expansion of 25 drivers. In March 2012, an aggregate of 2609 drivers were made again demonstrating a normal increment of 25 drivers from the earlier month. Thusly, the finish of June is the perfect time frame to have the stir cell going. As noticed, the ebb and flow work cell is equipped for creating just 2700 drivers every month. Given the month to month normal increment in the quantity of drivers made, it very well may be seen that before the finish of June, around 2675 drivers would be fabricated and by July, the greatest limit of 2700 would be reached. Along these lines, it is insightful for Jacob to start the development of the work cell prior so as to evade bothers when the present work

Writing and Reflection Paper Free Essays

Start with composing the primary draft. Depict your intelligent article venture. How could it add to your self turn of events? Assess the nature of your work inside your intelligent exposition. We will compose a custom paper test on Composing and Reflection Paper or on the other hand any comparative theme just for you Request Now Did you accomplish your objectives? Tell how you may have improved your task. Reconsider your first draft. Be finished when telling â€Å"what happened† and utilize clear subtleties to portray your activities. Adhere to the point. Focus on your intelligent paper venture in general and incorporate the subtleties that truly influenced the ultimate result of the undertaking. Tell about your encounters while chipping away at your exposition. Answer the inquiry: â€Å"What did you learn?† Write in a reasonable style that your peruser can comprehend. Demonstrate your article to a companion for supportive criticism. Some Helpful Tips: What to Include When composing a reflection paper on writing or another experience, the fact of the matter is to incorporate your considerations and responses to the perusing or experience. You can introduce your emotions after perusing what you read and why. You can likewise utilize a reflection paper to break down what you have perused. Much the same as in some other paper or article, be durable, allude to the particular entry or statement the material that drew this inclination, reflection or examination from you and why. It is alright to remember individual experience for a reflection paper, however don't rely upon it; base your responses and appearance in the material that is your subject. What to Leave Out Try not to utilize a reflection paper to just sum up what you have perused or done. It is likewise prescribed not to utilize a reflection paper as a free progression of thoughts and contemplations. Once more, the possibility of a reflection paper is to compose an exposition portraying your responses and investigation to a perusing or other experience; be that as it may, it is more formal than a diary section, so forget about casual language and structure. The most effective method to Organize Your Thoughts A reflection paper ought to be composed as you would another conventional exposition. Make certain to incorporate a presentation, maybe that proposes what yourâ expectations were on the perusing or experience already. You may likewise need to sum up the ends you came to in the presentation. At that point proceed onward to the body of your paper, clarify independently the ends you have reached and why, basing your decisions in solid subtleties from your perusing and experience. End the paper with an end that summarizes what you got from the perusing. You should allude back to what your decisions are according to your desires or arrive at some other resolution or investigation about the content or involvement with light of your sentiments and responses. The most effective method to refer to Writing and Reflection Paper, Papers

Most Common Academic Words (Part 4 of 4)

Most Common Academic Words (Part 4 of 4) EP 26: Most Common Academic Words To Improve Your Academic Writing (Part 4/4) EP 26: Most Common Academic Words To Improve Your Academic Writing (Part 4/4) Episode 26 is the final episode in the series investigating commonly used academic words. Tune in to learn along with Cath Anne as she wraps up the series with 5 more academic words you can add to your tool box! Looking for study tips, help with essay writing, or advice on how to be a better student? Welcome to The Homework Help Show, a weekly show where we teach, assist, and offer valuable insights for student life. From study hacks to writing tips, discussions about student mental health to step-by-step guides on academic writing and how to write a resume, weve got you covered. Want your questions answered? Write them below or join the conversation on social media using the hashtag #askHHG TRANSCRIPT: Cath Anne: [00:00:05] Hows it going? Its Cath Anne, weekly host of The Homework Help Show and Top Writer with Homework Help Global. This week we continue our video series in which we discuss common academic words to incorporate into your academic writing. Make sure you check out our other videos on the same topic for more words to incorporate into your writing. Cath Anne: [00:00:27] This is our fifth and final episode in this series, so make sure to check out the other ones and join along. This series will help you to expand your academic vocabulary using the Academic Word List or the AWL, which is a list thats readily accessible on the web. This core academic vocabulary is used by writers in many subject areas. Learning vocabulary from the AWL will help you to improve your comprehension of academic texts. It will also help you to write assignments in academic style and impress your professors. So, we have done an overview of all of the words on the AWL. Cath Anne: [00:01:23] Also, feel free to come back to these videos when you feel it is necessary or you need a reminder of the various words we discuss. One way of learning new vocabulary is to learn a new word from the list every day. But, it is also better to learn the words and context so that you will understand how they are used so that means learning them in the context of a sentence. Cath Anne: [00:01:50] Before we jump into the content this week just a quick reminder to join me on live on Instagram and Facebook live every Thursday at 7:00p.m. Eastern Standard Time. We will be doing a live Q and A and study session. So, bring your homework and any questions that you may have and we will try to help you out for with any assignments that you do have. Cath Anne: [00:02:15] OK. So, lets get into the content. Just a reminder that we encourage you to pause the video at any time to take notes. This will help you to retain the information that we discuss. Cath Anne: [00:02:27] So, this week we will wrap up this series by giving you another five common academic words. In this session like the other sessions we will be discussing the word, the part of speech (whether it is a noun, verb, or adjective), and the meaning of the word. Then, of course, we will put the word into a sentence, so you can get a sense of the word in context. This is to get the meaning of the word, but also to retain the information and memorize the word. Cath Anne: [00:03:02] Lets begin. So, the first word for this week is occur. Occur is a verb. It means when something happens or takes place. So, for example, We could say tourism only occurs during the summer in the small town. Summer is the only time tourism occurs because it is such a small town. That is when tourism happens or takes place. Occur. Cath Anne: [00:03:46] The next word is potential. Potential can be a noun or an adjective and we will discuss both. It means something that could possibly happen but might not come to pass. Cath Anne: [00:04:25] For example, sing it as a noun, we could say, He is an intelligent student and he has a potential to get into medical school. Cath Anne: [00:04:36] Getting into medical school is something that is likely to happen because he is an intelligent student but, it might not come to pass. He has the potential. Used an adjective we could say, Many potential customers are waiting for a fall in prices before buying a house. So, in other words, the customers are potential because they may be customers, but it may not come to pass that they are customers. So, in this case the word potential is an adjective because it is describing the word customers. Cath Anne: [00:05:19] The next word we have this week is primary. It is an adjective. This means the first of importance. There are a couple of synonyms for primary such as chief or principal. It just means first of importance, first in line for importance. So, we could say, The primary reason for getting an F on the exam was a lack of studying. There were other factors involved a lack of sleep, busy at a job family issues, but the primary issue was a lack of studying. Cath Anne: [00:06:19] Number four is the word range. This is a noun. Cath Anne: [00:06:37] This refers to the upper and lower limits that a number, an amount, or type of something may vary. So, for example we could say, The price range for our car is between 2000 and 4000. 2000 is the lower limit and 4000 is the upper limit and the space between is in the range. Cath Anne: [00:07:07] Number five this week is significant. Possibly one of my favorite words. It is an adjective that means something of importance or something of consequence. So, for example we could say, Taking the time to study is significant in helping you to attain a higher grade. So, the process of studying is a factor that is significant in you getting a good grade on your test or in your academic career. Cath Anne: [00:08:02] So, there we have it folks. We have come to an end of our 5-session series on academic words you should know. If you liked this lesson and the other lessons and you learned something new, feel free to hit the thumbs up button below and remember to subscribe to our channel. Cath Anne: [00:08:24] That is it for this week of The Homework Help Show. Please join us again for some more academic content. Thank you for joining me and I hope this was of benefit to you. If you would like to gain access to any more of our content or you want to find out more about Homework Help Global, please visit us on Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn, Instagram, Google Plus, of course, here on YouTube. Medium where we have a lot of really informative blogs on student lifestyle. If youre more of a podcast person feel free to check us out on SoundCloud, Anchor, iTunes Apple Podcast and Google Play Music and you can access any of these episodes in podcast format. All you have to do to find any of our content is just search Homework Help Global and youll be able to find us. Again, if you have any writing or homework questions, please remember to join me live every Thursday at 7:00 PM Eastern Standard Time on Instagram and Facebook live. We will be doing a live question and answer sessi on as well as a homework study session. Again, I hope this is a benefit to you and all the best. Have a great week. Take care. Most Common Academic Words (Part 4 of 4) EP 26: Most Common Academic Words To Improve Your Academic Writing (Part 4/4) EP 26: Most Common Academic Words To Improve Your Academic Writing (Part 4/4) Episode 26 is the final episode in the series investigating commonly used academic words. Tune in to learn along with Cath Anne as she wraps up the series with 5 more academic words you can add to your tool box! Looking for study tips, help with essay writing, or advice on how to be a better student? Welcome to The Homework Help Show, a weekly show where we teach, assist, and offer valuable insights for student life. From study hacks to writing tips, discussions about student mental health to step-by-step guides on academic writing and how to write a resume, weve got you covered. Want your questions answered? Write them below or join the conversation on social media using the hashtag #askHHG TRANSCRIPT: Cath Anne: [00:00:05] Hows it going? Its Cath Anne, weekly host of The Homework Help Show and Top Writer with Homework Help Global. This week we continue our video series in which we discuss common academic words to incorporate into your academic writing. Make sure you check out our other videos on the same topic for more words to incorporate into your writing. Cath Anne: [00:00:27] This is our fifth and final episode in this series, so make sure to check out the other ones and join along. This series will help you to expand your academic vocabulary using the Academic Word List or the AWL, which is a list thats readily accessible on the web. This core academic vocabulary is used by writers in many subject areas. Learning vocabulary from the AWL will help you to improve your comprehension of academic texts. It will also help you to write assignments in academic style and impress your professors. So, we have done an overview of all of the words on the AWL. Cath Anne: [00:01:23] Also, feel free to come back to these videos when you feel it is necessary or you need a reminder of the various words we discuss. One way of learning new vocabulary is to learn a new word from the list every day. But, it is also better to learn the words and context so that you will understand how they are used so that means learning them in the context of a sentence. Cath Anne: [00:01:50] Before we jump into the content this week just a quick reminder to join me on live on Instagram and Facebook live every Thursday at 7:00p.m. Eastern Standard Time. We will be doing a live Q and A and study session. So, bring your homework and any questions that you may have and we will try to help you out for with any assignments that you do have. Cath Anne: [00:02:15] OK. So, lets get into the content. Just a reminder that we encourage you to pause the video at any time to take notes. This will help you to retain the information that we discuss. Cath Anne: [00:02:27] So, this week we will wrap up this series by giving you another five common academic words. In this session like the other sessions we will be discussing the word, the part of speech (whether it is a noun, verb, or adjective), and the meaning of the word. Then, of course, we will put the word into a sentence, so you can get a sense of the word in context. This is to get the meaning of the word, but also to retain the information and memorize the word. Cath Anne: [00:03:02] Lets begin. So, the first word for this week is occur. Occur is a verb. It means when something happens or takes place. So, for example, We could say tourism only occurs during the summer in the small town. Summer is the only time tourism occurs because it is such a small town. That is when tourism happens or takes place. Occur. Cath Anne: [00:03:46] The next word is potential. Potential can be a noun or an adjective and we will discuss both. It means something that could possibly happen but might not come to pass. Cath Anne: [00:04:25] For example, sing it as a noun, we could say, He is an intelligent student and he has a potential to get into medical school. Cath Anne: [00:04:36] Getting into medical school is something that is likely to happen because he is an intelligent student but, it might not come to pass. He has the potential. Used an adjective we could say, Many potential customers are waiting for a fall in prices before buying a house. So, in other words, the customers are potential because they may be customers, but it may not come to pass that they are customers. So, in this case the word potential is an adjective because it is describing the word customers. Cath Anne: [00:05:19] The next word we have this week is primary. It is an adjective. This means the first of importance. There are a couple of synonyms for primary such as chief or principal. It just means first of importance, first in line for importance. So, we could say, The primary reason for getting an F on the exam was a lack of studying. There were other factors involved a lack of sleep, busy at a job family issues, but the primary issue was a lack of studying. Cath Anne: [00:06:19] Number four is the word range. This is a noun. Cath Anne: [00:06:37] This refers to the upper and lower limits that a number, an amount, or type of something may vary. So, for example we could say, The price range for our car is between 2000 and 4000. 2000 is the lower limit and 4000 is the upper limit and the space between is in the range. Cath Anne: [00:07:07] Number five this week is significant. Possibly one of my favorite words. It is an adjective that means something of importance or something of consequence. So, for example we could say, Taking the time to study is significant in helping you to attain a higher grade. So, the process of studying is a factor that is significant in you getting a good grade on your test or in your academic career. Cath Anne: [00:08:02] So, there we have it folks. We have come to an end of our 5-session series on academic words you should know. If you liked this lesson and the other lessons and you learned something new, feel free to hit the thumbs up button below and remember to subscribe to our channel. Cath Anne: [00:08:24] That is it for this week of The Homework Help Show. Please join us again for some more academic content. Thank you for joining me and I hope this was of benefit to you. If you would like to gain access to any more of our content or you want to find out more about Homework Help Global, please visit us on Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn, Instagram, Google Plus, of course, here on YouTube. Medium where we have a lot of really informative blogs on student lifestyle. If youre more of a podcast person feel free to check us out on SoundCloud, Anchor, iTunes Apple Podcast and Google Play Music and you can access any of these episodes in podcast format. All you have to do to find any of our content is just search Homework Help Global and youll be able to find us. Again, if you have any writing or homework questions, please remember to join me live every Thursday at 7:00 PM Eastern Standard Time on Instagram and Facebook live. We will be doing a live question and answer sessi on as well as a homework study session. Again, I hope this is a benefit to you and all the best. Have a great week. Take care.

The First Amendment And Equal Protecting - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 8 Words: 2300 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2019/04/26 Category Law Essay Level High school Tags: First Amendment Essay Did you like this example? The first amendment states that Congress shall make no â€Å"law respecting an establishment of religion or prohibiting the free exercise thereof (Lemon v. Kurtzman). This section of the first amendment refers to the establishment clause and free exercise clause and in other words this prevented the government from investing any of its resources to a particular belief system, or prevent anyone from practicing their own belief system, creating a separation of church and state. When it comes to education states have to fund their public schools mostly with taxes, but what about non-public and non-secular schools? â€Å"The Pennsylvania Nonpublic Elementary and Secondary Education Act was passed in 1968 in response to a crisis that the Pennsylvania Legislature found existed in the States nonpublic schools due to rapidly rising costs. The statute affirmatively reflects the legislative conclusion that the States educational goals could appropriately be fulfilled by government support of ‘those purely secular educational objectives achieved through nonpublic education† (Lemon v. Kurtzman). Pennsylvania adopted statutes that provided the state the ability to fund the salaries of teachers, textbooks, and instructional material for secular educational services to non-secular and non-public elementary and secondary schools at the expense of taxpayers. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The First Amendment And Equal Protecting" essay for you Create order Alton Lemon was the lead plaintiff on the case. Appellant Lemon, in addition to being a citizen and a taxpayer, is a parent of a child attending a public school in Pennsylvania. Funds for this Act came from taxes on horse and harness racing and cigarettes. â€Å"Lemon also alleges that he purchased a ticket at a racetrack and thus had paid the specific tax that supports the expenditures under the Act. Appellees are state officials who have the responsibility for administering the Act† (Lemon v. Kurtzman). Lemon had a standing in this case as a tax-paying citizen of Pennsylvania, as a parent of a child that attended a Pennsylvania public school, and specifically for the taxes collected from the sales of a racetrack ticket he purchased. All these actions directly infringed on his first amendment right, because the money collected from these associated taxes went to Catholic schools since they made up a majority of the states private schools, and this is money that could have wen t to public schools and supported a religion he did not believe in. â€Å"A school seeking reimbursement must maintain prescribed accounting procedures that identify the ‘separate’ cost of the ‘secular educational service.’ These accounts are subject to state audit† (Lemon v. Kurtzman). This is an example of the government’s involvement with non-secular non-public schools and how they have entangled themselves and are now respecting the establishment of religion since, they are directly funding, and now auditing them to ensure public money allocated to the schools are going to secular education programs only, both unconstitutional under the Establishment and Exercise Clause. The case was initially brought before a Pennsylvania District Court where three federal judges thought, â€Å"the individual plaintiffs-appellants had a standing under Flast v Cohen (1968). The court granted appellees motion to dismiss the complaint for failure to state a claim for relief. It held that the Act violated neither the Establis hment nor the Free Exercise Clause, Chief Judge Hastie dissenting. We reverse. â€Å"(Lemon v. Kurtzman). In 1971 Supreme Court ruled that public funds from taxes to pay for non-secular schools violated the establishment clause of the first amendment in the United States Constitution. This ruling resulted in the creation of the Lemon Test, which is a three-part evaluation of any legislation related to religion. Sponsorship, financial support, and active involvement were the focal points of the provision. The court held that the law must pass a tripartite test to avoid violating the establishment clause. The statute must also have a secular legislative purpose, and its primary focus must be to neither promote or prevents religion and should not endorse government entanglement with religion. â€Å"No person shall be held to answer for a capital, or otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a Grand Jury† (US v. Calandra). This first part of the Fifth Amendment is designed to protect all persons from the government against the unlawful persecution of a crime without due process. A grand jury is a panel of twelve to twenty-three citizens deciding whether or not there is enough evidence against the accused by a prosecutor to grant an indictment and bring charges against the person. This is one of the five main provisions found under the Fifth Amendment; the Fourteenth Amendment helps apply it to the states. The sixth amendment â€Å"guarantees the right to an impartial jury† (Apprendi v New Jersey). In other words all persons have the right to a fair trial and protection from jurors with biases. An impartial jury are judges whose actions and decisions are free of bias or prejudice, all people regardless of race, nationality, sex, religion, or economic status, have the right to a trial by a fair and impartial jury. Both a grand jury and impartial jury are similar and different in many ways, but also compliment each other. â€Å"On December 11, 1970, federal agents obtained a warrant authorizing a search of respondent John Calandras place of business, the Royal Machine Tool Co. in Cleveland, Ohio. The warrant was issued in connection with an extensive investigation of suspected illegal gambling operations† (US v. Calandra). No evidence of illegal gambling was found but evidence of loan sharking was. In this case the prosecutions presents this evidence illegally obtained through the search of Calandra’s business to a grand jury where he is indicted. This should have been protected under the Fourth Amendments Exclusionary Rule since this was an unlawful search and seizure, and the prosecution knows this. â€Å"Exclusionary rule of Fourth Amendment, under which evidence obtained from prior unlawful search and seizure is excluded in trial of criminal prosecution† (US v. Calandra). So even though the trial jury will never hear or see this evidence, it is used on the grand jury to bring an indictment, which is very hypocritical and in some ways very bias. When questioned about his activities John P. Calandra refused to answer, stating that the search violated his Fourth Amendment right. Supreme court ruled that the exclusionary rule could not apply to grand jury proceedings because their purpose is to find out whether a crime had been committed and formally charge someone with said crime, and deter misconduct by those trusted to investigate the crime, and the exclusionary rule interferes with that. â€Å"Apprendi fired several shots into the home of an African-American family and made a statement-which he later retracted-that he did not want the family in his neighborhood because of their race† (Apprendi v. New Jersey). He was charged under New Jersey’s law with inter alia, second-degree possession of a firearm for an unlawful purpose that carries a prison term of 5 to 10 years and due to a plea deal with the prosecutor was never charged with a hate crime, but the penal code does have hate crime provisions written within the criminal code allowing a trial judge to impose an enhanced sentence, if evidence of a racial bias is presented. During Apprendi’s trial testimony from the officer was presented in court. â€Å"The judge, however, found the police officers testimony credible, and concluded that the evidence supported a finding that the crime was motivated by racial bias† (Apprendi v. New Jersey). As a result Apprendi was sentenced to 12 year of im prisonment 2 years over the original maximum, but since he is now being charged with an additional offense the punishment was within range of the statute. Supreme court ruled this was unconstitutional because under the Due Process Clause any penalty beyond the maximum prescribed must be submitted to a jury and proven beyond a reasonable doubt. Here evidence presented is being marked as insufficient because it was not formally brought up as a charge by a grand jury. This is complimentary to what is seen in the Fifth Amendments provision, because a grand jury is presented with evidence too indict. These actions by the trial judge in this case created a contradiction in the law the way he sentenced Apprendi. Without a grand jury’s approval he cannot just increase the sentence this is part of common law In US v Calandra we see that the grand jury is being presented with evidence to aide the prosecution in bringing an indictment, but in Apprendi v. New Jersey the prosecution withheld evidence to aide the suspect as part of a plea deal. This is why the there is a lot of criticism surrounding grand juries as they have been labeled a â €˜rubber stamp’ for the prosecution and have little to no independent function to protect people from the government. Edith Windsor is a taxpayer who, as surviving spouse of a same- sex couple, was denied benefit of spousal deduction due to definition of â€Å"marriage† and â€Å"spouse† provided by Defense of Marriage Act DOMA. She brought action for a refund of federal estate taxes and for declaration that the provision of DOMA violated her Fifth Amendment right. Windsor is the widow of Thea Clara Spyer, who died in 2009. They were married in Toronto, Canada, in 2007, and their marriage was recognized by the state of New York. When she died Spyer left her property to her spouse, and because federal law did not recognize their marriage, the government imposed $363,000 in taxes. If their marriage was recognized, the estate will be eligible for an exemption from marriage, and no taxes will be imposed. In US v. Windsor the inhertance of an estate disproves polygamy because the division of assetts amongst two spouses would result in a dispute. The proceedings would draw out in a court matter requiring government entanglement in marriage, which could be argued to not separate church and state. â€Å"n 1996, as some States were beginning to consider the concept of same-sex marriage, see, e.g., Baehr v. Lewin, 74 Haw. 530, 852 P.2d 44 (1993), and before any State had acted to permit it, Congress enacted the Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA), 110 Stat. 2419. DOMA contains two operative sections: Section 2, which has not been challenged here, allows States to refuse to recognize same- sex marriages performed under the laws of other States† (US v. Windsor). Even though New York State accepted her marriage federally it was still not recognized at the time, or by o ther states that did not acknowledge same-sex couples. As a result there is little to no regard for polygamy, which is far more extreme that same-sex marriage. In Lawrence v. Texas for polygamy is also not going to be protected as seen in the â€Å"Texas statute making it a crime for two persons of the same sex to engage in certain intimate sexual conduct was unconstitutional, as applied to adult males who had engaged in consensual act of sodomy in privacy of home, as impinging on their exercise of liberty interests protected by the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment† (Lawrence v. Texas). Supreme court ruled that the criminal complaintants rights were violated under the Due Process Clause of he Fourteenth Amendment, because two consensual adults conducting in sexual activity in the home is considered privacy protected. Even though this protects the right to practice sexual activites deemed ‘different’ in the privacy of ones own home. A marriage is a legally recognized union between two people established by law, and applied throughout the nation in many provisions. Current United States law does allow or reco gnize polygamy and many statutes and provisions established beforehand support this current state. Even though what you do in your home constitutes as your privacy once apart of society there are laws to follow and guidelines to abide by and as far as marriage constitutes in the United States polygamy does not fit under those provisions. Whether polygamy be morally wrong or a constitutional right is not federally protected, and it is up to future courts to decide if the case should ever come up. As seen in states like Utah where polygamy is heavily practiced. Statutes establishing an anti-polygamy agenda have been declared unconstitutional, yet the ban on multiple marriage licenses stays intact. The 14th Amendment Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution was adopted on 9 July 1868 as one of the reconstruction amendments. One of the most important amendments to this day is that the because it deals with citizenship rights and equal protection of laws, and has been proposed in response to issues relating to former slaves following the American Civil War. This amendment is a crucial one, because states had to ratify it in order to restore representation in Congress. This especially hurt the Confederate Southern states who lost the war. This amendment is crucial in providing equal protecting under the law to the entire nation, and as a result help to unify the states under a federal legislative branch, but also garaunteed rights to those formally unrecognized under statehood. The provisons also took the current laws and applied them to states that failed to follow federal guidelines and brought about change and opportunity that many people once could not afford. The Due Procees clause granted protection from the federal government but now also applied it to states that were rebelling and abusing its citizens. For example in Brown v. Board of Education where courts stated that â€Å"separate is inherently unequal† and ruled that public school segregaton violated the Fourteenth Amendment’s equal protection clause, gave opportunites to African Americans that did not have them attending segrated schools, opening doors and giving people a chance to reach the American dream. Work Cited New Jersey Supreme Court. Apprendi v. New Jersey. 26 June 2000. United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circut. United States v. Calandra. 26 June 2000. United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circut. United States v. Windsor. 26 June 2013. State Appellate Court. Lawrence v. Texas. 26 June 2003.

Nike Marketing Stragety - 3323 Words

Abstract: Different forms of strategy are used in different corporations. Nike has achieved greatness due to their forms of strategy. Nike is known as the top seller of sports shoes and apparel. In such a competitive field, this is close to excellence. To do well in this field requires many inventive and resourceful advertisements and marketing skills. Nike has accomplished this through their great commercials, and other forms of marketing. In this paper, I will define strategy and show Nike s forms of strategy and how their techniques have brought themselves to the top. Table of Contents: IntroductionÂ…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…1 Define StrategyÂ…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…...4 Advertising for FemalesÂ…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â….5 Star†¦show more content†¦The difference between these is that the intended strategy is where the plans are developed for the future, which often comes from patterns of past behavior. The realized strategy happened as the company adjusts to many changes along the way, such as market, competitor, and economic changes. One of Nike s greatest strategies has been to reassess and refine their advertising strategies aimed at female consumers. Nike is one of the first corporations to realize they need to target a greater audience. As opposed to the days when soap operas were the only channel of communication to women, women are now computer literate, employed as professionals, and very mobile. The work force has increasingly employed more women. The number of women in businesses has nearly doubled since the 1960s. Recognizing the vast difference, many companies refine their products to tap the forte of women. Some players in sports equipment are reaching out to women for the first time. Nike is running hard in the women s arena. Young girls are so much more active today than they were just a few years ago. Nike notices this and does a great job of targeting this audience. Sheryl Swoopes, not Michael Jordan or Grant Hill or Shaquille O Neal, has brought several hundreds of young girls out on the basketb all court to learn hoops tips under the basket. This larger-than-life star gained the respect and admiration of many thousands of fans. She has one message:Show MoreRelatedBrand Building Blocks96400 Words   |  386 Pageslargely limited to low-quality, low-price products unsupported by effective packaging or marketing. Given these characteristics, they enjoyed only temporary sales spurts during recessionary times. No more. While still offering so-called price brands, retailers are also increasingly offering private label brands at the high end of the business. Such brands are competitive with national brands in quality and marketing support but have substantial cost advantages - in part because the cost of the brand

A Piece of Art Free Essays

I am choosing this piece of art because it reminds me of the original one, the Napoleon Crossing the Alps, by the French Neoclassical painter Jacques-Louis David, and also because that I am quite like this Mario game very much. This artist had turned my childhood hero into a very good piece of art, that to me, can capture every aspect of him and his loyal pet, although Yoshi does not look that fiercely. The original work of Jacques-Louis is about a mighty general, who is bravely charges in the front of the army toward the enemy. We will write a custom essay sample on A Piece of Art or any similar topic only for you Order Now Napoleon proportion show that he is the real commander, not just any soldier or any captain, but the great Napoleon Bonaparte himself. Calmly sitting on his fiery horse, finger points toward the Alps, Napoleon leading his people to victories. To sum up, this painting express Napoleon as the hero of the peoples of France, the one who freed them from the hands of Louis the sixteenth. The Mario Crossing the Mushroom Kingdom shows a quite similar meaning. Instead of crossing the dangerous Alps, Mario just crossing the Mushroom Kingdom. Now, what we all know what Mario do in the Mushroom Kingdom: fighting evils, rescue the princess, and freed the kingdom from the tyrant’s hands, so that makes Mario a hero too, right? Yes! Yes, it is! Mario is the hero of the Mushroom Kingdom. Although Mario just a plumber, he has fought for the Kingdom with all he has, his running skill as you can see in the games, and he freed them from the tyrant.The painting is very accurate in some ways, the costume, Mario’s beer belly, his clothes, and all, Mario did not really wear gloves until recently, but that can be pretermit. What is different from the original painting is that, instead of pointing his finger toward the Kingdom, Mario holds a mushroom. Funny, I would say, because in the game, Mario power up by eating special mushrooms from the mystery boxes scattered around the kingdom, they can make him bigger, and stronger depends on what mushroom he eats, and that is very interesting to see the mushroom in the painting. The Mario Crossing the Mushroom Kingdom resembles most detail from the original one: Mario’s proportion, Yoshi front legs, and back legs positions, the harness, and the cape. There is one interesting thing is that Yoshi left eye is glancing backward just like Napoleon’s horse eye position, glancing backward. His attention to the small details like that amuse me a lot, it makes me to look for other version of Napoleon Crossing the Alps, just to look at their eyes, although I don’t see the name carved in the rock anywhere in the picture, but that is not important. There is something about Naburanja version of the dinosaur Yoshi that keeps me wonder. You see, normally, Yoshi’s appearance is a cute little green dinosaur, with a frog like tongue that can swallow enemies. But here, all I see is probably the grow up version of Yoshi. He is bigger, looks more muscular, his green skin looks fade a bit, perhaps to shows old age. Yoshi normally is seen wearing brown boots, but now the boots were completely torn by his claws, like Yoshi had grown up suddenly, so suddenly that he could not take off his boots, so he had to let them be torn. Naburanja usage of colors to describe the gloomy, sad atmosphere of the scenario, where the Kingdom is invaded, and overran by monster, the princess being kidnapped with no hope to rescue her, and so on, is incredible. Naburanja use the dark, gray color to describe it. What more, is that when Mario and Yoshi showed up, light breaks through the darkness, to shine upon our heroes, where ever they go. The colors where Mario stands, are bright colors, red, blue, light dirt yellow, green, and white. It shows that Mario is going to be the savior of the Mushroom KingdomOverall, the painting is magnificent to me, its capture the picture of the hero of my childhood quite correctly, using the Napoleon Crossing the Alps style of drawing. Naburanja colors usage is wonderful, it described the scenario of Mushroom Kingdom correctly, and he depicted Mario like a saint, light shine bright where ever he goes. This painting of Naburanja has many interesting aspect that I love very much, and this is the way I mostly see it, also it makes me chuckle every times I come across it. How to cite A Piece of Art, Papers

The Beatles Vs Oasis Essays - Counterculture Of The 1960s

The Beatles vs Oasis Oasis is a band of the nineties that is often compared The Beatles. They try to be like The Beatles only to do it unsuccessfully. The lead singer of Oasis, Liam Galagher tries to be like the lead singer of The Beatles, John Lennon. The way Liam Galagher sounds, and the way he writes his music are very similar. The New York Times Magazine said, "Oasis's second album "(What's the Story) Morning Glory", is also indebted to The Beatles. The singer Liam Gallagher sounds like a more nasal John Lennon, with the joie de vive curdled to a sour arrogance." John Lennon wrote a song in the seventies called "Imagine". Oasis just released a song on their second album called "Don't Look Back in Anger". The beginning of this song is exactly like the beginning in "Imagine". Another song off their second album "(What's the Story) Morning Glory", "Champagne Supernova" Sounds a lot like The Beatles song, "Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds". If you look at some of the lyrics in Oasis's song "Champagne Supernova" it talks about being lost in the clouds in a champagne supernova. In The Beatles song "Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds" it talks about climbing in the back of a newspaper taxi, with your head in the clouds. Oasis likes to make a lot of their songs sound like The Beatles. Oasis's style is a lot like The Beatles. Oasis has, what is know to people as "The Beatle haircut". (see back page) Oasis is known as the biggest Britpop group of the nineties. Oasis has been on the British Charts ever since they released there second album. In the last few months "Champagne Supernova" and "Don't Look Back in Anger" have reached number one and stayed at number one for a few weeks, on the British Charts. Oasis is a lot more popular in England, than the United States. None of their songs have reached number one in the United States. The Beatles on the other hand were popular in both places. The Beatles released their first album "With The Beatles" just a few weeks before they came to the United States, for their first concert at the Ed Sullivan Theater. "I Want to Hold Your Hand" hit number one on the U.S. charts, and, on this day, Pan Am Flight 101 brought The Beatles to the United States. At Kennedy Airport, 3,000 hysterical Beatlemaniacs came to greet them. When The Beatles got their first glimpse at the crowd, they figured the President must be landing also. Two days later, a record of 73 million people watched them on The Ed Sullivan Show, including a lucky few in the studio audience. The Beatles had no idea that they were so popular. The Beatles loved their fans. They didn't try to be like any other band or compare. themselves, to other bands. The Beatles had their own style, and were proud of it. Unlike Oasis who thinks they have to be like another band, to be liked. Oasis believes that they are just as good as The Beatles, and that they are the reason for The Beatles, sudden popularity again in this last year. This is not true. The Beatles have been popular once again because of the Anthologies and videos that they have put out. The Beatles came out with two new songs, that haven't been heard before: "Free as a Bird" and "Real Love". Any band that hasn't performed together in more than twenty years, is bound to draw some attention to them. Especially The Beatles considering John Lennon is dead, and he was one of the main singers. It was because of the love and desire to hear more from The Beatles, that made them popular once again. It is not because of Oasis that The Beatles are popular. In my opinion I think Oasis is trying to hard to be like The Beatles. I think that they believe that since The Beatles were so popular with their music. Than if they try to be like them than they will be just as popular, but that isn't how it works. They should just be themselves, and not

How To Write For Big Sites To Build A 6-Figure Business With Aaron Orendorff

How To Write For Big Sites To Build A 6-Figure Business With Aaron Orendorff What’s the best way to market and grow a business? Do you often lock yourself in a conference room to avoid distractions and answer that question? Does one idea keep coming to mind? Guest writing for influential publications. Aaron Orendorff does it. He is the founder and CEO of iconiContent, as well as the editor-in-chief of Shopify Plus. Guest blogging was a foundational ingredient to scaling his personal brand. Aaron’s used guest writing to build clients for his own business and help land a job at Shopify. He shares the importance of writing for such publications, where to start, how to find ideas for articles to be accepted, and how to pitch articles. Aaron spent 2  ½ years guest posting, guest blogging, and writing articles for publications that he respected and wanted to be like Aaron began building relationships and cold pitching to editors anywhere and everywhere to get ahold of email addresses He understands that social proof is one of the most powerful levers to convince somebody to enter your funnel or start talking to you online Cold Pitching Process: Reverse engineering of popular topics; speaking language/terminology of audience; using Buzzsumo to find popular social media What are the headline formulas? What’s the word count? How did they use images? How are they interlinking? Did they like a lot of data? Aaron sent publishers a complete article tailored to their publication; he identified topics related to popular posts on their site and discovered competitive holes What gets responses from editors? Behind-the-scenes work, show instead of tell, and sending publishers a brief email with the attached article as a Word doc Go to About or Contact Website pages for the publications or use tools to find email addresses of the editors Rejections: Write an entire article for a specific publication, send it to the editors; wait to get rejected Risk-to-Reward Ratio: Once rejected, tweak it and send to a different publication; work your way down a publication list; risk goes way down After first â€Å"yes,† doors open and it’s far easier to write for publications a second, a third, a fourth time; promote articles after published to maximize opportunities Guest writing has helped by getting attention from editors/other writers and building relationships with them through customized, valuable articles To start guest writing: 1) Write complete articles tailored for specific publications; don’t send pitches; 2) Find what’s popular at their and competitors’ sites Links: iconiContent Shopify Plus Buzzsumo Google Trends Email Permutator ContactOut Write and send a review to receive a care package For a recent sampling of Aaron’s work at Shopify Plus, take a look at his  Multi-Channel Marketing: Definition,  Data, and a Strategy to Sell  Anywhere  or what he calls â€Å"the crowning achievement of my editorial life so far.† If you liked today’s show, please subscribe on iTunes to The Actionable Content Marketing Podcast! The podcast is also available on SoundCloud, Stitcher, and Google Play. Quotes by Aaron Orendorff: â€Å"I’m a content dude. I really enjoy writing and telling stories, and I can see product into that sort of content marketing approach.† â€Å"It was the foundational ingredient to scaling my personal brand. Getting people to give me money to do the thing that I wanted to do anyway, which is write online.† â€Å"I simply began building relationships, but honestly, cold pitching a crack ton of editors anywhere and everywhere I could get ahold of email addresses.† â€Å"(I) understand social proof is one of the most powerful levers to convince somebody to enter your funnel or to start talking to you online.†

Why The Book Is Always Better Than The Movie

Why The Book Is Always Better Than The Movie If youre anything like me, I cant help myself when a movie is announced for a book (or book series) that Ive read. I just have to go see it. Like I said, I cant help myself. Of course, the other thing that you and I may have in common is our reaction when we come out of the theater. No matter how well done the movies been, theres a level of disappointment. And we find ourselves saying, the book was better. Its All About Our Brains To understand this dynamic, its important to know that over 50% of your brain is wired for visuals. In fact, of all the stimuli that your brain processes, it consumes visual information 60,000 times faster than anything other. Given these realities, you might assume the movie should always be better than a book. They rarely have pictures in them, after all. But heres the thing. When we read a book, if its written well, the words cause our brains to create visuals. The story materializes in our heads as images. Images that are powerful and detailed. Again, if its written well. And that explains why the book is always better than the movie. Because our own brains create far more detailed and rich visuals than even Spielberg can do. Over 50% of your brain is visual. It consumes visual information 60,000 times faster than anything other. How Does This Impact The Content Youre Writing? The takeaway for me comes down to three realities. First, use stories to share information. Its easier to imagine a story than a fact. That doesnt mean you cant share fact. It just means you should wrap your facts in stories so that people can better envision them. Stories take people places in their minds, and thats good for you. Your content has a longer shelf-life if it finds a home. Wrap your facts in stories so people can envision them better. @ChrisLemaSecond, share information in its context. When I write about pricing, I rarely spend time on the research side of things. Or equations. Its either too complicated or too boring. Its hard to envision. Instead, I place the new findings in context. In the recent eBook I wrote on pricing for products, I took people to the movie theater, the shoe store, and more. The lessons had to do with pricing. The facts were pricing-related. But the context is what helps people remember the lessons. They can imagine themselves looking at four pairs of shoes and having to decide which to buy. Share information in context so people remember better. @ChrisLemaLastly, keep the takeaways short and tight. I recently gave a talk on pricing services where my takeaways were in the form of tweets. To keep the observation to less than 140 characters took some discipline. But it was worth it. Heres why. Youve read a great book before, right? And what do you do? You tell other people about it. Its how you talk about whether youre going to go see it at the movies, when it comes out. And what do you share? Likely, its the title of the book. Maybe the author. But notice that these are short things to remember. Thats what makes them useful. Try telling someone about a book whose name you cant remember, as you start sharing the plot. This is often how people write posts. The takeaways arent super clear and its almost like you had to be there. So instead, keep your takeaways tight, short, and easy to remember. It will make them easy to share.

Management Skills in Adult Nursing Essay (4000 word reflection is to

Management Skills in Adult Nursing (4000 word reflection is to enable to develop a deeper, critical understanding of the development of knowledge and skill in Management) - Essay Example In order to improve my practice, I will reflect on this incident, and address issues of effective discharge planning, communication, and handover. The themes I will consider for this topic would follow the various questions raised by Johns’ reflective model. This model is meant to be implemented by sharing with fellow practitioners or with a mentor, which then transforms the learning to a faster pace. Johns’ model emphasizes the value of experienced knowledge as well as the power of the practitioner to access and implement information which has been secured via empirical processes (Grech, 2004). More specific themes on discharge planning, communication, and handover shall be incorporated into the text. The critical and analytical aspects of this discussion shall flow from the reflective process, with an evaluation of the specific actions based on standards of the practice (Callara, 2008). The scenario under evaluation involves the discharge of Patient X, a 65 year old male patient who recently underwent hip hemiarthroplasty surgery. During the discharge planning process, there were several orders which I was not sure how to implement. One of the discharge orders indicated that I needed to refer the patient to the rehabilitation ward for physiotherapy and occupational therapy, and that I needed to refer the patient to a physiotherapist and an occupational therapist, and arrange future schedules for therapy. Discharge orders also indicated that I needed to recommend an appropriate health and diet plan for the patient. Health and diet plans for elderly patients, especially those who have recently suffered hip fractures must be established because these elderly patients are prone to possible re-injury (Beaupre, et.al., 2005). Beaupre, et.al., (2005) discussed that the hip fracture would likely limit the mobility or elderly

Time Continues To Fly and Changes Continue to Occur Essay

Time Continues To Fly and Changes Continue to Occur - Essay Example Similarly, in John Updike’s short story A & P, the protagonist Sammy works as a checkout clerk at the supermarket of the same name as the title of the story. He finds his work monotonous, goes on with it robotically until his attention is caught by a group of girls who are clad in swimming costumes. Being a boy of nineteen years, he is, not so surprisingly, immediately attracted to them especially the tallest one who he nicknames Queenie. He watches them closely, almost acting like a stalker. He sees and imagines and wishes. When the manager Lengel tells the group of girls off for coming to A & P dressed in their swimsuits and nothing more, Sammy is indignant on their behalf. Wanting to play the hero and to get their attention, maybe even their number, he resigns on the spot. Lengel tries to reason with him, even brings in his parents’ displeasure at the resignation. Sammy realizes what he has done will bring repercussions but what is done is done and he is willing to f ace the consequences (Updike). Sammy acts the way he does because he had been distracted by a couple of beautiful girls. It is understandable, of course, but giving up his job turns out to be useless since the girls leave before he does and have no idea of what he has done for them. He follows his impulses, is emotional about his decision and loses his job. He is unemployed once again and has no way of earning money. As Lengel reminds him, his parents would be disappointed because of this. Resigning may even seem worth it if he had actually gotten the girl but he had not. He had only ended up making bad decisions out of which he got nothing. They backfired from all angles. This is how life to a teenager seems like. All problems and no successes no matter what they do to achieve whatever they wish. In the story Greasy Lake which is written by the author T. Coraghessan Boyle, he is reminiscing about his years as a â€Å"rebellious punk†. He writes about three boys who think the y are â€Å"cool† because they act like â€Å"bad boys† when; in fact, they still are boys with their own insecurities and are unsure about life. They are nineteen year old young men called Jeff, Digby and the unnamed narrator. These three are on a lookout for adventures and thrill and think that is all to life. They drive around in their mother’s car, drinking, wishing for a change in life but are not exactly excited when their wishes do come true. The three hang out at their spot away from the town, it is dirty with rubbish around it and obviously nothing good can happen there. When they reach the Greasy Lake, they pull a prank but it turns horribly wrong and they do not know what to do. They were aiming to make fun of another friend but they end up pranking someone else completely. A fight breaks out between the three boys and the man who is, in actuality, a â€Å"bad guy† and not just pretending to be one like them. The man hits them and injures them but eventually the three manage to overcome him and hit him with an iron rod which makes him lose conscious (Boyle). After this, the man’s girlfriend comes running out and when the boys find her attractive, they start ripping off her clothes and it seems like they are attempting to rape her but then another car arrives. The occupants of the car start to scream at them so they rush for cover. The narrator tries to hide himself in the swampy water and is disgusted and very frightened when he sees a dead body in front of him. The other cars’

The Scarlet Letter: The Use Of Hester :: essays research papers

In The Scarlet Letter, Nathaniel Hawthorne makes Hester Prynne the central figure in the story much like Susanna Rowson does with Charlotte in Charlotte Temple. The plots of the books are centered on these women; the storylines occasionally move elsewhere to inform the reader of the happenings of other characters, but always returns to their respective female protagonist. The authors’ use of their leading ladies differs when providing a theme, however.Susanna Rowson uses Charlotte Temple as an example for the reader. By taking the reader on a journey through Charlotte’s life of perpetual misery, Rowson’s narrator is able to point out where Charlotte makes poor decisions. With the reader now aware of the misdirected choices of Charlotte, the narrator warns the reader that any young girl could end up in the same type of predicament. She then teaches the young female reader how she should react in a similar situation and the â€Å"sober matron† reader how to prevent such a dilemma from happening to her daughter. In summary, Charlotte Temple’s actions are used to directly teach the theme as Rowson wishes.Nathaniel Hawthorne uses his main character in a completely different way. It is common for a reader of The Scarlet Letter to determine that the theme of the story is that adultery is bad, but that is not the case. Hawthorne is not promoting adultery; that is true: As Darrel Abel states in his essay, â€Å"Hawthorne’s Hester,† â€Å"Although we are expected to love and pity Hester, we are not invited to condone her fault or to construe it as a virtue.†1 Hester Prynne and her lecherous sin are Hawthorne’s means of conveying a different message; Hawthorne is more interested in uncovering the flaws of puritan society and the hypocrisy of their reactions to Hester. The character of Hester Prynne is created as to exploit these flaws indirectly.The Puritan culture is one that recognizes Protestantism, a sect of Christianity. Though a staple of Christianity is forg iveness for one’s sins, this has long been forgotten amongst the women of Boston: â€Å"Morally, as well as materially, there was a coarser fibre in those wives and maidens of old English birth and breeding, than in their fair decendants.†2 When Hester is first brought out of her prison cell, the gossiping goodwives recommend much harsher punishments, from a brand on her forehead to death. Hester, who had done little wrong prior to this sin of adultery, is no longer seen as a human being, but merely as a symbol of evil and shame upon the town.

Forest Conservation

FOREST CONSERVATION Forests are one of the most important natural resources that have been gifted to mankind for their sustained existence on earth. Without question, they provide us with huge amounts of tangible and intangible benefits, without which indeed, all life, less to say human life, would fall under the risk of extinction. Hence, it is vital for us to realize this importance of forest cover, conserve them, and ultimately work towards a sustainable way to maintain our forests and meet our needs at the same time. In this paper, I have focused initially on the barbaric behavior of us human beings towards forests, and how they have been and are still being massacred around the globe to meet our ever increasing and limitless wants and needs. I have also focused on why some of our conservation strategies and efforts are not working out the way they were supposed to be. In doing so, I have tried to prove that countries like Bangladesh, who are still striving to develop should focus on forest conservation. My hypothesis is that Bangladesh has the capability to both conserve its forest resources and grow economically at the same time, and create means for poverty elevation by conserving. In the second portion I have focused on a more comprehensive way to sustainable forest conservation, backing up my statements by expert opinions and case studies, and at the end a bit of focus was put on biodiversity importance and its conservation practices and strategies. I have also mentioned some economic, social and policy instruments that can be implemented in order to conserve forests better. I have used some primary data, from specific experts on forests, but my main data sources are secondary sources, mainly the Internet and books. The full list of references is given in the work-cited portion at the end of the paper. From the very beginning of civilization, human beings have depended heavily on forests for their survival. Cradles of civilization, places of beauty, sources of spiritual inspiration, and treasure houses of natural riches, forests are closely linked with the physical, economic, and spiritual well being of people. Man has depended on forests for lumber and furniture, medicine and cosmetics, firewood and food, drinking water and fresh air, respite and recreation. Despite their central role in the well being of people, forests are threatened by human actions on a scale and pace far beyond nature's capacity to adapt. Forests are being destroyed around the globe at a scale, which has already passed the â€Å"alarming† stage. Reasons such as land shortage, urbanization, agriculture, excessive and unsustainable timber extraction have led to cutting down of miles upon miles of pristine forest land. In 2002 alone, 10,000 square miles in Brazil's Amazon region were deforested due to logging, ranching, farming, and infrastructure development. In Africa's Congo Basin, roads built into legally protected areas like national parks by illegal loggers provided access for bush meat poachers and contributed to an increase in forest fires. (Overview). Although recently, the importance of forests has been realized to a degree, enough importance has not yet been put into the conservation sector so as to actually retain the remaining percentage of forest cover the world has left. In this paper I have discussed just how much importance needs to be put on conservation of forests, why this needs to be done, how it can be done in a systematic, sustainable way, and what the aftermaths of not doing so may be. DEFINITIONS: For clarification purposes, a full list of definitions are given below so that the terms discussed in this paper are clear and not confused with other related terms. FOREST: The word â€Å"forests† originated from the Greek word â€Å"foris†, which means â€Å"out of doors†. Generally a large uncultivated area of land bearing trees and undergrowth is termed as a forest. Wild animals are also associated with this term, which includes their interaction with the trees and undergrowth and their abiotic surroundings (air, soil etc. ). L. S Davis defined forests as a set of land parcels, which has or could have tree vegetation. (Davis). CONSERVATION AND PRESERVATION: These two terms are often confused with one another, but they refer to two slightly different concepts. Preservation of anything is basically keeping it in such manner that it cannot or should not be touched or used. For instance, if a forest is being preserved it means that it is to be kept untouched and nothing is to be extracted from it. It is to be left to its own accord. On the other hand, conservation implies more towards a sustained use, or use in a sustainable fashion. As in the example given above, if a forest is declared as conserved, it means that resources may be extracted in a systematic and accounted way, so as not to compromise the forests ability to replenish itself in terms of resources, and so that it may continue its intangible functions properly. SUSTAINABILITY AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: The term refers to the existence and maintenance of a system, on its own accord, over a period of time, or that a system is able to stand and function by itself for a certain duration. This term then leads on to sustainable development, which the latest of concepts in development of a nation and its entities. Sustainable development means the development targeted at making resources available both useful yet sustained, so as no to compromise it for future generations. FOREST MANAGEMENT: The society of American Foresters (1958) defined forest management as â€Å"the application of business methods and technical forestry principles to the operation of forestry property. † (American). Generally put, forest management is the maintenance of forests in such a way that it is protected and conserved at the same time. In other words it the system by which we make sure that we extract resources from the forest in a sustained way (sustainable yields) and so that the forest does not lose its credibility. Forests come in various types and properties. They range from tropical evergreen rain forests along the equator of the earth, to temperate and boreal forests in northern America and Russia. The world's tropical forests, which circle the globe, are interestingly diverse. Ranging from the steamy jungles of the rain forests to the dry forests and savannas, they provide habitat for millions of species of plants and animals. Once covering some 15. 3 billion acres (6. 2 billion ha), these tropical forests have been reduced through cutting and clearing by 210 million acres (85 million ha) between 1985 and 1990. (Louise). This is in fact the story in most parts of the world. Bangladesh for instance is losing its natural forestland at an alarming rate of 3. 3% a year, which is the third highest rate in the world after Jamaica and Haiti. (Miller, 641). Although plantations have gone up in percentage during the last few years, especially strip plantations, which are a recent phenomenon in Bangladesh, especially in Dhaka, natural forests are still on the decrease. This can be seen in the table below, as of the year 2000, which also includes comparisons to Asia and the world as a whole. Yet probably the saddest story to be told is that of the world’s tropical forests. Although tropical rainforests cover less than six percent of the earth’s land surface, they are extraordinarily endowed with millions of animal species and represent seventy-five million years of evolutionary stability. Covering a land area approximately the size of the United States, tropical forests are being rapidly degraded, the equivalent of the combined areas of Ohio and Indiana each year. According to some experts, almost half the world’s tropical forests have already been wiped of the face of the earth for good. If we look at the table given below, we can get an estimate of what the situation really is at present. Data is set as of research till the year 2000. |Forest Area and Change |Bangladesh |Asia (excl. Middle East) |World | |Total forest area, 2000 (000 ha) |1334 |504180 |3869455 | |Natural forest area, 2000 (000 ha) |709 |375824 |3682722 | |Plantations area, 2000 (000 ha) |625 |110953 186733 | |Total dry land area, 1950-1981 (000 ha) {a} |0 |1078121 |5059984 | |Change in forest area: | |   |Total, 1990-2000 |14 % |-1 % |-2 % | |   |Natural, 1990-2000 |-7 % |-1 % |-4 % | |   |Plantations, 1990-2000 |4 % |5 % |3 % | |Original forest {b} as a percent of | |   |total land area {c} |100 % |X |48 % | |Forest area in 2000 as a percent of | |   |total land area {c} |9 % |20 % |29 % | |   |   |   |   |   | FIG: table has been taken from an article titled â€Å"Forest Conservation† from the Earth Trends website. Ecosystem Areas by Type | |Total land area |14400 |2494475 |13328979 | |Percent of total land area covered by: | |   |Forests |12 % |17 % |24 % | |   |Shrublands, savanna, and grasslands |3 % |37 % |37 % | |   | | |   |mosaic |73 % |34 % |20 % | |   |Urban and built-up areas |0. 2 % |0. 2 % |0. 2 % | |   |Sparse or barren vegetation; snow and ice |0 % |10 % |16 % | |   |Wetlands and water bodies |11 % |2 % |3 % | The total global forest cover has decreased by approximately 4% in just 10 years, and Bangladesh has lost more than 7% of its natural forest resources. This is alarming in more than just environmental perspectives. Yet, when we look into conservation possibilities, all sides, sectors, direct and indirect reasons need to be assessed before coming to any kind of decision. Since this paper is about the conservation needs of forests, all such sectors and sides have been touched in the following sections. Before the dawn of agriculture approximately 10,000 years ago, forests and open woodland covered about 15. 3 billion acres (6. 2 billion ha) of the globe. Over the centuries, however, about one-third of these natural forests have been destroyed. According to a 1982 study by FAO, about 27. 9 million acres (11. million ha) of tropical forests are cut each year-an area about the size of the States of Ohio or Virginia. Between 1985 and 1990, an estimated 210 million acres (85 million ha) of tropical forests were cut or cleared. In India, Malaysia, and the Philippines, the best commercial forests are gone, and cutting is increasing in South America. (J. Louise). Several factors are responsible for deforestation: clearing for agriculture, fuel woodcutting, and harvesting of wood products. By far the most important of these is clearing for agriculture. In the Tropics, the age-old practice of shifting, sometimes called â€Å"slash-and-burn,† agriculture has been used for centuries. In this primitive system, local people cut a small patch of forest to make way for subsistence farming. After a few years, soil fertility declines and people move on, usually to cut another patch of trees and begin another garden. In the abandoned plot, the degraded soil at first supports only weeds and shrubby trees. Later, soil fertility and trees return, but that may take decades. As population pressure increases, the fallow (rest) period between cycles of gardening is shortened, agricultural yields decrease, and the forest region is further degraded to small trees, brush, or eroded savanna. Conversion to sedentary agriculture is an even greater threat to tropical forests. Vast areas that once supported tropical forests are now permanently occupied by subsistence farmers and ranchers and by commercial farmers who produce sugar, cocoa, palm oil, and other products. In many tropical countries there is a critical shortage of firewood. For millions of rural poor, survival depends on finding enough wood to cook the evening meal. Every year more of the forest is destroyed, and the distance from home to the forest increases. Not only do people suffer by having to spend much of their time in the search for wood, but so does the land. Damage is greatest in dry tropical forests where firewood cutting converts forests to savannas and grasslands. The global demand for tropical hardwoods, an $8-billion-a-year industry, also contributes to forest loss. Tropical forests are usually selectively logged rather than clear-cut. Selective logging leaves the forest cover intact but usually reduces its commercial value because the biggest and best trees are removed. Selective logging also damages remaining trees and soil, increases the likelihood of fire, and degrades the habitat for wildlife species that require large, old trees-the ones usually cut. In addition, logging roads open up the forests to shifting cultivation and permanent settlement. In the past, logging was done primarily by primitive means-trees were cut with axes and logs were moved with animals such as oxen. Today the use of modern machinery–chain saws, tractors, and trucks -makes logging easier, faster, and potentially more destructive. In Bangladesh, it is more or less the same picture. Being a developing country which is yet striving to stand on its own feet, it is still extracting its only, and few available resources such as forests for the sake of rapid economic growth. Further more, the lack of land space is forcing settlers to encroach upon forest land, in order to use it for agriculture and fisheries purposes. The poor are using forests as means for survival, and there is little the administration (local governments and forest department) can do to stop illegal encroachment in forests. Yet even so, as I have stated in my hypothesis, it is possible for a country like Bangladesh to conserve forests and elevate poverty at the same time, and the following sections will consist of exactly how this may be achieved. In his article â€Å"Conservation Strategy: Rationale and a Framework†, Dr. Mizanur Rahman Khan says, â€Å"†¦there is a difference in perspective regarding what to conserve and how to conserve. One group, often dubbed as ‘radical greens’, argue that the global environmental problems have already reached a crisis proportion and require a ‘fire fighting’ strategy. On the other side of the fence, there are ‘free-market’ environmentalists who argue that environmental laws and regulations impose unfair burdens on the economy and on individuals. † A balance between the two is what Dr. M Khan thinks is required, and he goes on to say that the protection of the environment is an essential part of development and that this is globally recognized. In this light, when we look at the conservation efforts being made to conserve the forests of Bangladesh, it is almost immediately clear that most of the above stated conditions are not being applied. Problems with definitions of protected areas still remain, and hence loop holes give people the chance to illegally encroach upon the land. So the question is now, what is there to be done? What steps should Bangladesh authorities take to prevent such anomalies and protect the forests we have? A simple solution is given by Dr. Abdur Rob Khan, a well known economist and research director at Bangladesh Institute of International and Strategic Studies, when he was asked as to what Bangladesh can do. Dr Rob says: â€Å"Indeed Bangladesh does have the capability to both conserve and elevate poverty at the same time. To do that, the first and most obvious step is to introduce participatory forestry. The stake holders have to be identified and given proper priority in terms of their needs and requirements. Second, we have far too less forest cover, only about 6-7% of the total land area right now. This has to be doubled. This can be done by introducing social forestry, homestead forestry and road side forestry. Once these two steps have been undertaken, we can then head on towards poverty elevation, because both these steps will not only help the nation as a whole, but also see to the needs of the local people in and around forests. Other wise, conservation may face an early death, and we may as well lose our forests. † The points upheld by Dr. Abdur Rob are to great degrees true. Indeed, the only way to ensure the survival of a resource and the people associated with it is to introduce those people into its management and care. Below I have stated some of the ways to o this and also some other steps towards conserving forests. PARTICIPATORY FORESTRY: (Social Forestry) To involve the local people, and to pick out the stake holders, the initial thing that needs to be done is to get to know the social aspects of the people involved. This process is called â€Å"Focus Group Discussions† Basically; authority people have to go to the locality and get to know the social life styles of the local people. This is done by conducting such discussions with selected people from the locality. A questionnaire is made which involves everything ranging from average yearly income to what festivals they have and their matrimonial practices. Once this can be done, stake holders can be identified and selected out. They are then involved in to the management regimes, including decision making privileges to resource extraction etc. In depth discussions are then held with the selected people and local leaders to figure out how benefits are to be shared. Both tangible and intangible benefits from the forest are then held up to the people. Participatory forestry can be seen in practice in the strip plantations in and around Dhaka along side roads and rail lines. These are basically community based resource management schemes, from which involved people receive benefits in future for their present services, hence encouraging them to conserve the site. ANCIENT FORESTRY PRACTICES In ancient Persia (now Iran), forest protection and nature conservation laws were in effect as early as 1,700 B. C. Two thousand years ago the Chinese practiced what they called â€Å"four sides† forestry-trees were planted on house side, village side, road side, and water side. More than 1,000 years ago, Javanese maharajahs brought in teak and began to cultivate it. In the African Tropics, agro forestry (growing of food crops n association with trees) has been practiced for hundreds of years. Relatively little is known about tropical forestry before the mid 1800's in most places. At that time, the European colonial empires notably the Dut ch, English, and Spanish-brought modern forest management practices to Indonesia, India, Africa, and the Caribbean. Centers for forestry and forestry research were established, and more careful records were kept. (J. Louise). SUSTAINABLE FORESTRY Modern forestry has its basis in 18th-century Germany. Like the Chinese and the Mayan forest practices, German forestry is essentially agricultural. Trees are managed as a crop. Two concepts are important: renewability and sustainability. Renewability means that trees can be replanted and seeded and harvested over and over again on the same tract of land in what are known as crop â€Å"rotations. † Sustainability means that forest harvest can be sustained over the long term. How far into the future were foresters expected to plan? As long as there were vast acres of virgin (original) forests remaining, this question was somewhat academic. Today, however, sustainability is a vital issue in forestry. Most of the world's virgin forests are gone, and people must rely more and more on second- growth or managed forests. Perhaps we now face, as never before, the limits to long-term productivity. In the German forest model, forestry is viewed as a continual process of harvest and regeneration. Harvest of wood products is a goal, but a forester's principal tasks are to assure long-term productivity. That is achieved by cutting the older, mature, and slow-growing timber to make way for a new crop of young, fast-growing trees. HARVEST REGENRATION METHOD Three examples of timber harvest-regeneration methods (silvicultural systems) illustrate how foresters manage stands to produce timber on a sustained basis. SELECTION Individual trees or small groups of trees are harvested as they become mature. Numerous small openings in the forest are created in which saplings or new seedlings can grow. The resulting forest has a continuous forest canopy and trees of all ages. Such systems favor slow-growing species that are shade tolerant. CLEAR CUTTING In clear cutting, an entire stand of trees is removed in one operation. From the forester's point of view, clear cutting is the easiest way to manage a forest-and the most economical. Regeneration may come from sprouts on stumps, from seedlings that survive the logging operation, or from seeds that germinate after the harvest. If natural regeneration is delayed longer than desired, the area is planted or seeded. Clear cutting systems are often used to manage fast-growing species that require a lot of light. Resulting stands are even aged because all the trees in an area are cut-and regenerated-at the same time. Clear cutting has become controversial in recent years because it has the potential to damage watersheds and because it tends to eliminate species of wildlife dependent on old growth trees. If clear cuts are kept small and the cutting interval is long enough, however, biological diversity may not be impaired. SHELTERWOOD In Shelterwood systems, the forest canopy is removed over a period of years, usually in two cuttings. After the first harvest, natural regeneration begins in the understory. By the time the second harvest is made, enough young trees have grown to assure adequate regeneration. Shelterwood systems favor species that are intermediate in tolerance to shade. Such systems are difficult to use successfully and are the least used of the three silvicultural methods described. ANALYSIS OF FINDINGS: It seems that the obvious conclusion would be, as Dr. Rob said, that social forestry is the best option available to us at present. This will not only enable Bangladesh to conserve its few remaining forests, but also use those forests efficiently as a tool to poverty elevation. In fact this is not the first time research on Bangladesh forests has led to such conclusions. Many experts have done similar such research and have come to find this sort of forestry as efficient means of conservation. [pic] . Fig: Plantation in Shatchori reserved forest. Bangladesh yet faces many hard steps to the stage we call developed. Even now, it faces harden blockades when the question of conservation arises. Poverty, high population, land shortage, illegal encroachment, political disfucntionings and sheer ignorance of duty are just some of the barricades that hold us back from preserving the few resources we have left in this once lushly rich country. It not as though we are not conserving. Indeed, plantations have come up across the country in what seems hopeful ways. It seems that there is yet hope for us and our forests. Shatchari, Modhupur, Lawachara, Medakochapia are some bright names in our success books concerning plantation forestry. Yet I raise the question to the jury, is this what we really want for us? Do we really want to see some time in the future that the country is devoid of its natural forests and has only plantations left? Plantations, Strip plantations, mono-cultures, botanical gardens are very good in terms of forest cover, but if we lose all our natural forests, what would happen to all the hundreds of species of animals and birds that we have? We would lose them forever. Will it be possible for us to conserve them to? The case stands for the rest of the world as well. Tropical forests are being deforested at a football field size a day. Very soon, perhaps sooner than we think, we will lose what we have left to the greed of a few ignorant people. Will it not shame us to think that we human beings will be responsible of wiping out all other species just for the sake of our comfort? Is this not a question of ethics? It remains to be seen as to how Bangladesh, less to say the rest of the world acts to save its forests, yet perhaps it is not wise to just sit and wait for some miracle to happen. It is time we put on our thinking caps and stepped out into the field, and tried our best to see to that we leave the few natural pristine forests remaining at peace with themselves. Work cited: †¢ Mastrantonio J. Louise. â€Å"CONSERVATION OF FORESTS†. Online journal. nd. 18th December 2006. http://www. fs. fed. us/global/lzone/student/tropical. htm †¢ Forests of the World. â€Å"Forestry Overview†. Online article. nd. 19th December 2006. http://www. worldwildlife. org/forests/ †¢ Davis, L. S 1966. â€Å"Forest Management†. 1st edition. pp 790. †¢ Earth Trends. â€Å"Forest Conservation†. Online Journal. nd. 19th December 2006. http://earthtrends. wri. org/text/biodiversity-protected/country-profiles. html Forest Conservation. â€Å"Enterprise for the Americas in Action†. Online article. nd. 19th December 2006. http://www. earthvoice. org/animal. habitat/forest. conservation. htm †¢ Khan, Mizanur Rahman. â€Å"Conservation Strategy: Rationale and a Framework†. Conservation and Sustainable Development. †¢ Interview : Dr. Abdur Rob Khan. Research Director at Bangladesh Institute of International and Strategic Studies, Dhaka, Bangladesh. 20th December 2006.

The Effect of Advertisements on Youth Essay - 2067 Words

During any given day, a person is exposed to a constant stream of advertising. It has become a part of life, quietly seeping into the subconscious while watching television programs, shopping for groceries, or even on the daily commutes. The main purpose of advertising is to illicit an emotion that drives us to purchase the end product. They influence attitudes, ideas and behaviors in those watching, and unfortunately those shifts aren’t always toward the positive. In the last ten years, there has been a large increase in the teenage population with anorexia and obesity disorders(Dens 368). According to another article, underage consumption of alcohol and tobacco has increased by 38% in 6 years (Jernigan 23). Lastly, more females are†¦show more content†¦The content or pitch of said propaganda is the the main problem at hand. Although the products being marketed vary, the techniques and images used to sell them are generally the same. 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